| Elastomer O-Ring | A circular ring made from an elastomer such as NBR, EPDM, FKM, or silicone. | Compression between mating surfaces deforms the ring, helping it fill the gland and block the leakage path. | Hydraulic and pneumatic equipment, pumps, valves, and instrument connections. | Match the elastomer to the fluid, temperature, pressure, and motion. Confirm gland dimensions, squeeze, and extrusion gap. |
| Metal Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) | A solid metallic ring fitted into matching grooves in flanged connections. | Bolting load compresses the ring against the groove faces, creating a localized metal-to-metal seal. | High-pressure process piping and equipment designed with RTJ flanges. | Verify ring profile, dimensions, material compatibility, flange standard, and surface condition. RTJ rings are not interchangeable with flat gaskets. |
| Spiral-Wound Gasket | A gasket formed from alternating wound metal strip and soft filler, commonly supplied in ring or centered-ring configurations. | Compression of the winding and filler conforms to flange surfaces; the metal winding provides structural support. | Process piping, heat exchangers, and flanged equipment where operating conditions vary. | Check winding and filler materials, inner and outer rings, flange facing, dimensions, and the required bolting procedure. |
| Corrugated Metal Gasket | A formed metal ring with corrugations, sometimes combined with a soft facing layer. | Corrugations concentrate compressive load and can provide recovery as the joint experiences movement or thermal cycling. | Flanged joints and equipment requiring a metal-based gasket with a conformable sealing surface. | Confirm metal and facing compatibility, flange condition, available seating load, and the gasket design specified for the joint. |
| Flat Sheet Ring Gasket | A ring cut or molded from sheet material, such as compressed fiber, graphite, or PTFE-based material. | Bolting compresses the sheet material against the flange faces so it conforms to surface irregularities. | General-purpose pipe flanges, covers, and equipment connections. | Select material for the process media and temperature. Check flange flatness, surface finish, gasket thickness, and required bolt load. |
| PTFE-Envelope Gasket | A gasket with a PTFE envelope around a compressible insert, often used in ring form. | The PTFE surface contacts the process fluid while the insert helps the gasket accommodate flange irregularities. | Chemical-processing connections where PTFE chemical resistance is needed. | Check chemical compatibility, temperature and pressure limits for the complete gasket construction, and whether the insert is suitable for the service. |
| Metal-Jacketed Gasket | A soft filler enclosed in a formed metal jacket, manufactured in a shape suited to the joint. | The filler conforms under compression while the metal jacket protects and supports the sealing material. | Heat exchangers, vessel covers, and other equipment joints designed for this gasket style. | Confirm jacket and filler materials, joint geometry, flange condition, and the compression load the assembly can provide. |