| Hydraulic pump seals | Help contain hydraulic oil inside the pump and maintain pressure for lifting. | Check around the pump body, joints, and visible seal edges for oil or dirt sticking to wet areas. | Oil seepage, a falling oil level, or reduced lifting performance. | Clean the area and recheck for fresh leakage. Replace damaged seals with the correct size and material for the truck. |
| Ram or piston seals | Limit oil bypass inside the hydraulic cylinder so the forks can raise and hold a load. | Look for oil on the exposed ram and around the cylinder opening. Observe whether the forks hold a load at the specified height. | Forks lower under a steady load, lift slowly, or fail to reach their normal height. | Remove the truck from service if it cannot safely hold a load. Have the cylinder inspected and replace worn seals as needed. |
| Dust wipers and scraper seals | Help keep dust, grit, and moisture away from sliding hydraulic surfaces. | Check for cuts, hardening, displacement, embedded debris, or a damaged edge around the ram. | Visible contamination on the ram, scoring, or repeated leakage after cleaning. | Clean the exposed surface with a lint-free cloth. Replace a damaged wiper and inspect the ram for scratches or corrosion. |
| Valve and release-control seals | Help prevent hydraulic oil leakage through control and release components. | Inspect the valve area and control linkage for fresh oil, loose parts, and signs of impact damage. | Oil around the valve, inconsistent lowering, or difficulty controlling fork descent. | Do not operate the truck if lowering is unpredictable. Have the valve and its seals checked by a qualified technician. |
| Routine visual inspection | Find leaks and seal damage before they affect lifting or load control. | Inspect the hydraulic unit, cylinder, and floor beneath the truck before use; wipe away old residue and look for fresh oil. | New oil spots, wet components, or a noticeable change in lifting or lowering behavior. | Check before each shift or use, and more often in dusty, wet, or high-use conditions. Record recurring leaks. |
| Seal replacement | Restore hydraulic containment and reliable operation when a seal is worn or damaged. | Confirm the leak source and inspect related surfaces, including the ram, cylinder bore, and seal groove. | Persistent leakage, torn or hardened seal material, or continued pressure loss after basic checks. | Lower the forks, remove the load, and follow the truck’s service procedure. Use compatible replacement parts; avoid damaging sealing surfaces during installation. |
| Ongoing seal care | Reduce premature wear caused by contamination, incorrect oil, or poor handling. | Check hydraulic oil condition and level according to the service instructions; keep exposed hydraulic parts clean. | Dirty or unsuitable oil, recurring contamination, or repeated seal failure. | Use the hydraulic fluid specified for the truck, keep the system clean during service, and investigate the cause of repeated failures rather than replacing seals alone. |